In the world of aquaculture, the focus on fish welfare and feed quality has driven research into natural and innovative solutions. Among these, chitin and chitosan, natural polymers derived mainly from the exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects, are emerging as key ingredients to improve the gut microbiota of fish.
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Chitin, a structural polysaccharide, is not directly digestible by fish, but has an important prebiotic function: it promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract, contributing to an optimal microbial balance. Chitosan, obtained by deacetylation of chitin, possesses antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties that make it particularly effective in counteracting the proliferation of pathogens. Supplementation of these compounds in the feed has been shown to improve nutrient absorption and stimulate the immune response, making fish more resistant to infection.
Recent studies have shown that the use of feed enriched with chitin and chitosan leads to more sustained growth and improved health of the animals, thanks also to a reduction in oxidative stress. These benefits translate into more efficient and sustainable production, as the use of natural ingredients reduces dependence on antibiotics and chemical additives. Moreover, this approach responds to the growing demand for eco-friendly practices, helping to improve the quality of the final product and protect the environment.
In conclusion, the use of chitin and chitosan in aquaculture feed represents an innovation that reconciles animal welfare and environmental sustainability. With further research and optimisation of formulations, these prebiotic ingredients could become the new standard for a balanced microbiota and optimal fish growth, transforming aquaculture into an increasingly competitive and responsible industry.
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